Particles of Matter

Quick Revision - States of Matter

Boiling Point : corresponds to a flat section on a temperature-time graph and is the temperature when all the liquid becomes a gas or vapour.

Liquid : changes shape according to its container. Particles further apart than in a solid with greater energy and movement.

Gas : particles farthest apart with greatest movement and energy. Forces between gaseous particles are weak.

Melting point : corresponds to a flat section on a temperature-time graph and is the temperature when all the solid becomes a liquid.

Solid : fixed shape and volume with particles vibrating about fixed positions.

Crystal : a solid with a regular arrangement of particles.

Sublimation : changing directly from a solid to a gas (or vice versa) with no liquid state e. g. ammonium salts, solid carbon dioxide.

Evaporation : chaging to a vapour state at temperatures below boiling point. Volatile liquids evaporate easily.

Diffusion : natural movement of particles that takes place quickly in gases as there is plenty of space.

Kinectic Theory : all particles in matter are moving around with kinetic energy.

Particles :

Atoms : particles of an elements.

aluminium Al
barium Ba
boron B
bromine Br
carbon C
calcium Ca
chlorine Cl
copper Cu
fluorine F
helium He
hydrogen H
iodine I
iron Fe
lead Pb
magnesium Mg
neon Ne
nitrogen N
oxygen O
phosphorus P
potassium K
silver Ag
sodium Na
sulphur S
zinc Zn

Molecules : particles of a compound made up of groups of atoms.

diatomic :

oxygen gas O2
hydrogen gas H2
nitrogen gas N2
chlorine gas Cl2

triatomic :

carbon diaoxide gas CO2
water H2O

Self test.

1. An _______ is a substance which cannot be split into two or more simpler substances. Such substances are made up of particles called _____________ .